Saint Basil's Cathedral, known for its unique architecture and vibrant, colorful domes, stands at the southern end of Moscow's Red Square. It is arguably one of the most iconic landmarks in Russia. Built between 1555 and 1561, the cathedral was commissioned by Ivan the Terrible and marks the geometric center of Moscow. Visitors can enter the cathedral, which has been turned into a museum, and explore the intricate interior and its nine chapels. Each chapel is dedicated to a saint on whose feast day Tsar Ivan won a battle. The design is a showcase of medieval Russian architecture, and visitors often spend time admiring the elaborate patterns and artwork within. The Cathedral is a symbol of both the historical and religious essence of Russia.
The Moscow Kremlin is not only the official residence of the President of Russia but also a historical and architectural complex that is considered the heart of Moscow. Visitors can explore the grounds to see historic structures like the Tsar Cannon and Tsar Bell, as well as several cathedrals including the Assumption Cathedral and the Archangel Cathedral. The Kremlin walls and towers give a clear sense of the might and power of historical Russia, and within the complex, you can also find the Armoury Chamber, which houses a collection of state regalia, ceremonial Tsarist garments, and armament. The contrast between the fortified exterior and the opulent interiors sheds light on the Russian rulers throughout history, their lifestyles, and their political influence.
The Red Square is the central square of Moscow and perhaps the most famous public space in Russia. It's a historic plaza that has witnessed many of the country's historical events and is surrounded by significant buildings such as the Kremlin, Saint Basil's Cathedral, the State Historical Museum, and the luxurious GUM department store. Walking across the cobblestones, one can almost hear the echoes of the parades and gatherings that have taken place there. The square serves as an open-air venue for various events, concerts, and festivals throughout the year. Visitors enjoy the vibrant atmosphere and take photos next to the monument of Minin and Pozharsky, or the iconic spot where many political speeches occurred in history.
The GUM Department Store, facing the Red Square, isn't just a shopping center; it's a grand architectural landmark dating back to the Soviet era. It is renowned for its elegant glass-roofed arcade, combining rich history with high-end shopping. Inside, visitors find a well-curated selection of international and Russian brands, ranging from fashion to jewelry, souvenirs, and even an upscale grocery store. Even if shopping isn't on your agenda, the building itself is worth admiring, featuring a mix of history and commercial versatility. GUM also hosts a variety of seasonal decorations and installations, making it an interesting place to visit at any time of the year. The Soviet-era atmosphere, merged with modern luxury, gives visitors a taste of Russia's economic evolution.
The State Historical Museum, with its fairytale-like red-and-white facade, stands at the northern end of Red Square and offers an expansive overview of Russian history. The collection within is vast and comprehensively covers the periods from prehistoric tribes to the modern age. You can view artifacts such as ancient Siberian ivory carvings, the controversial Viking treasure of the 12th century, and relics from the era of the Tsars. The museum's exhibitions are rich in detail and present a unique educational journey through the country's past. English-language tours are available, and they provide valuable insights into the artifacts and their significance. The museum is a must-visit for history buffs looking to understand the full scope of Russia’s cultural and historical heritage.
Lenin's Mausoleum, also located on the Red Square, is a somber, yet fascinating monument. It houses the body of the father of the Russian Revolution, Vladimir Lenin. Since his death in 1924, his embalmed body has been on public display in this austere red granite structure, attracting visitors from around the world. The experience is a stark reminder of the Soviet era and its impacts on the Russian state and the world. The tour is usually quick, due to the small size of the mausoleum, but the queues can be long, especially during tourist season. Photography inside the mausoleum is not permitted, and visitors are expected to observe respectful silence as they pass by the preserved body of the communist leader.
Kazan Cathedral, reconstructed in the 1990s after its demolition in 1936, stands as a symbol of faith and resilience on the northeast corner of Red Square. The cathedral is dedicated to the Virgin of Kazan, one of the most venerated icons in Russia. The present structure is a meticulous replica of the original 17th-century cathedral and serves as both an active place of worship and a historical monument. While much smaller than some of its neighboring buildings, it provides an intimate spiritual experience, with beautiful frescoes and a warm, inviting atmosphere. Visitors are welcome to attend services or quietly explore the ornate interior, which is often awash with the natural light that pours in through the cathedral's windows.
The Bolshoi Theatre, a short walk from Red Square, is one of Moscow's most prestigious cultural institutions. This historic theatre is not just a venue but a symbol of Russian arts. It is known for hosting some of the best ballet and opera performances in the world. The grandeur of its neoclassical façade and the opulence of its interior with lush velvet seating, ornate balconies, and a magnificent chandeliered ceiling, make it a magical place to enjoy a performance. Ticket prices vary greatly depending on the show, seating, and time of year. While tickets can be on the higher end for tourists, witnessing a historical and artistic legacy in action is an unforgettable Moscow experience. Advance booking is highly recommended due to the theatre's global popularity.
The bronze Monument to Minin and Pozharsky, located in the center of Red Square in front of Saint Basil's Cathedral, is a powerful symbol of Russian patriotism and unity. Erected in 1818 to commemorate Prince Dmitry Pozharsky and merchant Kuzma Minin, who gathered a volunteer army and expelled the Polish invaders during the Time of Troubles in the early 17th century, the monument reminds Russians of their ancestors' bravery. It was the city's first monumental sculpture. Depending on the interest, visitors might only spend a short time viewing the monument and taking photos, but the weight of its historical significance enhances the experience of being in Red Square.
Located just outside the Kremlin walls near the Alexander Garden, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is a war memorial dedicated to the Soviet soldiers killed during World War II. The somber site features an eternal flame and a guard of honor, which changes every hour in a highly ritualistic ceremony. The precision and solemnity of the guards are a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made during the war. Visitors often leave flowers and pay their respects to the unknown soldiers who gave their lives for their country. The memorial offers a profound historical perspective and serves as a place of reflection on the human cost of war.
Religious Places (2)
Historical Places (15)
Museums (4)
