The Bullring in Birmingham has been an important feature of the city since the Middle Ages, serving originally as a market area. The name "Bull Ring" is derived from the green within Cornmarket Street, where bulls were baited before slaughter. Throughout the centuries, it has undergone numerous transformations.
The area saw substantial redevelopment in the 1960s with the construction of a new shopping center that became an iconic example of brutalist architecture. However, by the end of the 20th century, the Bullring was once again ready for regeneration.
In the early 2000s, the area underwent a £500 million redevelopment to create the modern Bullring shopping center. Officially opened in September 2003, it features over 160 shops and has become a major architectural landmark, known especially for the stunning façade of the Selfridges building.
Grand Central, formerly known as The Pallasades, saw its own transformation. Following substantial investment and redevelopment, it opened in September 2015 and integrated with the adjoining Birmingham New Street Station. Grand Central boasts a large John Lewis flagship store along with a mix of other retail and dining establishments.
The Bullring & Grand Central have become central to Birmingham's urban revival and tourism appeal. There are several key trends in their tourism: