The Shwezigon Pagoda is one of the oldest and most significant temples in Bagan, and indeed in all of Myanmar. Founded by King Anawrahta during the 11th century and completed by King Kyansittha, it has stood as a symbol of Burmese religion, culture, and history for nearly a millennium. This pagoda is part of the ancient city of Bagan, which was the capital of the first empire of Burma and is recognized as a significant archaeological zone.
Bagan, and Shwezigon Pagoda, specifically, became a staple for cultural and religious tourism in Myanmar some years after the country opened up to international travelers in the late 20th century. Although it took time to build a robust tourism infrastructure due to political limitations and international sanctions, the latter half of the 2010s saw a swift increase in visitation thanks to a combination of democratic reforms and a greater focus on promoting tourism by the government.
Understanding the historical value of the pagoda, UNESCO and other organizations have undertaken several conservation projects to preserve the integrity of the Shwezigon Pagoda. In 2019, the ancient city of Bagan, including the Shwezigon Pagoda, was finally inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which has further bolstered its attractiveness to international tourists and historians alike, leading to increased tourism.
In recent years, there has been a trend towards sustainable and responsible tourism in Myanmar. Tourists are increasingly seeking authentic experiences that also preserve the local heritage. Initiatives to involve local communities in tourism, provide eco-friendly accommodation options, and educate visitors about the importance of site preservation are gaining traction. Further, the advent of virtual tours and digital documentation of sites like the Shwezigon Pagoda has emerged, offering an alternative or supplementary means of experiencing these wonders, particularly during the travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
When visiting the Shwezigon Pagoda, tourists are encouraged to respect the cultural norms and practices, such as dress code and behaviour. The best times to visit are during the cooler months of November to February. The temple is not only a popular destination for its historical significance but also for the religious events and festivals that take place, most notably the Shwezigon Festival which occurs in November or December each year, drawing crowds of pilgrims and tourists.
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