The Keoladeo Ghana National Park, formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, is situated in the Bharatpur region of Rajasthan, India. This site has a rich and varied history, both in terms of human interaction and its ecological significance.
Keoladeo was originally a natural depression; during the wet season, it would be flooded leaving a fertile patch of land once the waters receded. Recognizing its potential for waterfowl, in the 1850s, the Maharaja of Bharatpur modified the area into a hunting reserve. He introduced an intricate system of canals, which enabled him to manipulate the water levels and create a hunting ground teeming with waterfowl that attracted Maharajas and British viceroys alike. The most notable event held here was the extravagant duck shoots in honor of the British Viceroys. It is reported that Lord Linlithgow, the then Viceroy of India, shot thousands of ducks in a single day during the 1930s.
In 1956, the reserve was opened to the public and was renamed the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, marking the start of its journey as a popular tourist destination. Over time, the emphasis shifted considerably from hunting to conservation and tourism. The park was declared a protected sanctuary in 1971 and later a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 under the name Keoladeo Ghana National Park. The name "Ghana" refers to the dense forest cover that used to exist in the area.
With the ban on hunting and the park's newfound protection status, it became a haven for bird enthusiasts and wildlife photographers from around the globe. Its role in protecting the Siberian Crane, which used to winter here, was particularly highlighted until the early 2000s when the species ceased to arrive.
Today, Keoladeo Ghana National Park continues to be a premium destination for birdwatchers both domestically and internationally. It harbors over 370 species of birds, including waterfowl, raptors, owls, flycatchers, buntings, and more. Eco-tourism has become extremely popular, with visitors engaging not just in bird watching, but also in nature walks, photography, and biking.
In recent years, there has also been a rise in the trend of sustainable tourism. Tourists are now more aware and concerned about the impact of their activities on the ecosystem, leading to increased respect for the park's regulations and environment.
The park also provides guided tours led by local experts who offer in-depth insights into the lives of the birds and the ecology of the sanctuary. These guides help in spreading awareness about conservation while enhancing the visitor experience.
During the peak migratory season from October to February, birdwatchers flock to the park to catch a glimpse of the arriving migrants that join the resident species. Educational tours for students and special photography tours have also gained popularity, mirroring the world’s growing interest in wildlife and nature-based experiences.
Acknowledgment of Digital Innovations: While staying true to its roots, the park has embraced technology through the use of audio guides and mobile applications that help in the identification of species and provide self-guided tour opportunities.
Overall, Keoladeo Ghana National Park stands as a testament to successful conservation efforts and sustainable tourism practices, allowing generations of visitors to enjoy the extraordinary biodiversity it sustains.
