The Pantheon, located in Rome, Italy, is a former Roman temple and now a church, renowned for its ancient Roman architecture, engineering, and art. It was originally constructed around 126 AD during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. The name 'Pantheon' is derived from the Ancient Greek 'Pantheon', meaning 'of, relating to, or common to all the gods'. This masterpiece of Roman architecture is best known for its massive dome, with its famous oculus that opens to the sky, which remains the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world. The interior design reflects the grandeur of the Roman Empire, with opulent marble, towering columns, and a series of statues and monuments to various figures throughout history. The geometric perfection of the building, with the dome's diameter equal to the height of its rotunda, creates a sense of harmony and balance. The Pantheon also serves as a tomb for several important historical figures, including the Renaissance artist Raphael and two kings of Italy.