Petra Archaeological Park (Petra) History

A Brief History of Tourism in Petra Archaeological Park, Petra, Jordan

The ancient city of Petra, located in the southern desert of Jordan, is one of the world's marvels, attracting tourists from across the globe with its breathtaking rock-cut architecture and rich history. Hidden among rugged desert canyons and mountains, Petra was once a thriving trading center and the capital of the Nabatean empire between 400 B.C. and A.D. 106, when it was annexed by the Roman Empire.

Early Encounters and Modern Rediscovery

Although inhabited since prehistoric times, Petra’s rise as a tourism destination began with its rediscovery by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812. His tales and sketches of the 'lost city' captured the imagination of Europeans, making Petra a must-see for adventurers and scholars. By the mid-19th century, tourism to Petra began slowly with those few intrepid travelers who ventured into the Middle Eastern desert, fascinated by the civilization that carved an entire city out of stone.

20th Century Developments

Tourism to Petra saw a more structured development in the 20th century. After the end of the Great Arab Revolt and with the establishment of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Petra's historical significance was recognized both regionally and globally. In 1929, the area was formally surveyed, drawing more visitors and archaeologists keen on uncovering its secrets.

The iconic imagery of Petra started to reach masses worldwide with its feature in popular culture, most notably in the 1989 film, "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade," where the Petra’s Treasury (Al Khazneh) had a significant role. This exposure, coupled with improved travel infrastructure, significantly increased tourist numbers.

UNESCO World Heritage Site Designation

In 1985, Petra was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This acknowledgment not only highlighted its cultural and historical significance but also set the stage for a surge in tourist interest. Investments were made to improve tourist facilities, conservation efforts were strengthened to protect the delicate structures, and the site's management was professionalized to cope with the rising visitor numbers.

21st Century and Petra's Global Appeal

With the turn of the century, Petra cemented its status as one of the most favored tourist destinations. It was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in 2007, which sparked another boom in tourism. The site caters to a wide range of tourists, from history enthusiasts and culture vultures to adventure seekers, all mesmerized by its ancient charm and grandeur.

Latest Tourism Trends

In recent years, there has been a push for sustainable and responsible tourism practices in Petra to preserve the site for future generations. Visitor experience has also been diversified. Night tours, offering a mystical view of Petra lit up by candles, have gained popularity, providing a unique perspective of the city. Additionally, the local community has become more involved in tourism, offering authentic Bedouin experiences that enrich the visitor's journey.

Despite the challenges posed by regional instability and the global pandemic, Petra remains a resilient destination, adapting to new trends and finding innovative ways to maintain its allure in the world of tourism. The city’s mystique, coupled with Jordan’s increasing emphasis on tourism as a tool for economic growth, ensures that Petra will continue to be a central pillar in the narrative of global travel.